Overview:
Thyroiditis refers to inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can lead to abnormal thyroid hormone production. This condition can cause symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, and mood disturbances, and it may be acute or chronic. Thyroiditis includes several types, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and postpartum thyroiditis. It can result in either hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), depending on the nature of the inflammation.

Causes:
The primary cause of thyroiditis is autoimmune disorders, with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis being the most common form. In autoimmune thyroiditis, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid. Other causes include viral infections, postpartum hormonal changes, or exposure to radiation. Certain medications and genetic predispositions may also contribute to thyroid inflammation.

Symptoms:
Symptoms of thyroiditis can vary depending on whether the thyroid becomes overactive or underactive. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain or loss, sensitivity to cold or heat, mood changes, muscle weakness, and changes in heart rate. In some cases, a goiter (enlarged thyroid) can be felt at the base of the neck.

Treatment:
Treatment for thyroiditis involves managing symptoms and restoring normal thyroid function. For hypothyroidism, synthetic thyroid hormone replacement is used. For hyperthyroidism, medications like beta-blockers or antithyroid drugs may be prescribed. In some cases, surgery or radioactive iodine treatment may be necessary.

Precautions:
Patients should have regular thyroid function tests to monitor the condition. It’s essential to follow the prescribed treatment regimen to avoid long-term complications like heart issues or infertility.

Prevention:
While autoimmune thyroiditis cannot be prevented, early detection through regular health checkups can help manage the condition and prevent severe complications.

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