Overview:
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys that can cause inflammation and swelling. It is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the kidneys and can result in serious complications if left untreated. Pyelonephritis can occur as a result of bacteria ascending from the lower urinary tract (bladder) or spreading through the bloodstream. This condition requires prompt medical attention to avoid further kidney damage.

Causes:
Pyelonephritis is typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), which can enter the urinary system and travel to the kidneys. Other factors such as urinary tract obstructions (kidney stones, enlarged prostate), weakened immune system, and improper hygiene can increase the risk of infection. Women are more prone to pyelonephritis due to anatomical differences in the urinary tract.

Symptoms:
Common symptoms of pyelonephritis include fever, chills, pain or discomfort in the lower back or sides (flank pain), frequent urination, painful urination, nausea, vomiting, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine. Severe cases can lead to blood in the urine or sepsis, a life-threatening infection spreading through the bloodstream.

Treatment:
Treatment of pyelonephritis typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacteria causing the infection and its sensitivity. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous (IV) antibiotics and supportive care. Pain management and hydration are also essential components of treatment.

Precautions:
To prevent recurrence, patients should complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve. It’s also crucial to stay hydrated and avoid holding urine for long periods. Individuals with recurrent infections may need further medical evaluation to rule out urinary tract abnormalities or underlying health conditions.

Prevention:
Proper hygiene, drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after sexual activity, and avoiding the use of irritating feminine products can help reduce the risk of pyelonephritis. Managing conditions like diabetes and kidney stones can also lower the chances of infection.

For expert care in managing pyelonephritis, visit KDM Hospital in Lucknow. The hospital offers comprehensive diagnostic and treatment facilities, including advanced antibiotics, hydration therapies, and regular follow-up to ensure complete recovery from kidney infections.