Overview:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but can also involve other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. TB can be latent (inactive) or active, with active TB causing symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, and fever.

Causes:
The primary cause of TB is the inhalation of bacteria from the air when someone with active TB coughs or sneezes. Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV, malnutrition, or chronic diseases, are at higher risk. Prolonged exposure in crowded conditions increases the risk of transmission.

Symptoms:
Common symptoms of active TB include a persistent cough lasting more than three weeks, chest pain, coughing up blood, night sweats, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. TB can also affect other organs, causing symptoms specific to those areas (e.g., abdominal pain in gastrointestinal TB).

Treatment:
TB is treatable with a combination of antibiotics taken for an extended period (usually 6-9 months). The most commonly used drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. It’s crucial to complete the full course of treatment to prevent drug resistance and relapse.

Precautions:
People diagnosed with active TB should stay isolated to prevent spreading the infection, especially in the early stages of treatment. Good hygiene, wearing a mask, and regular follow-ups with the healthcare provider are essential. Regular screening and early diagnosis are vital to controlling TB.

Prevention:
Prevention strategies include vaccination with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, good ventilation in crowded places, early detection, and adhering to the prescribed treatment for latent TB. Maintaining a strong immune system through proper nutrition and avoiding contact with TB-infected individuals can reduce the risk.

For expert TB treatment and care, visit the KDM Hospital in Lucknow. The hospital offers comprehensive TB management services, including 24/7 doctor availability, ambulance services, budget-friendly options, and Ayushman card acceptance.