Overview:
A Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke, occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to brain cell death within minutes and cause permanent damage if not treated quickly. CVA can be ischemic (due to a blood clot) or hemorrhagic (due to bleeding in the brain).
Causes:
Ischemic strokes are caused by blood clots or narrowed arteries blocking blood flow to the brain, often due to conditions like atherosclerosis or atrial fibrillation. Hemorrhagic strokes result from blood vessel rupture, often caused by high blood pressure, aneurysms, or trauma.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side), confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, difficulty seeing in one or both eyes, dizziness, loss of balance, and severe headache with no known cause. Recognizing these signs early is essential for prompt treatment.
Treatment:
Ischemic strokes are treated with clot-dissolving drugs (thrombolytics) and sometimes surgical interventions. Hemorrhagic strokes may require surgery to repair blood vessels and relieve pressure on the brain. Rehabilitation therapies, such as physical, speech, and occupational therapy, are often part of recovery.
Precautions:
Individuals at risk should manage underlying conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, and adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle. Avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol, and regular exercise also reduce stroke risk.
Prevention:
Preventive measures include controlling risk factors like blood pressure, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and taking medications as prescribed. Awareness of stroke symptoms and seeking immediate medical attention is crucial in minimizing damage.
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