Overview:
Ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. It often occurs as a complication of liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, but can also result from heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Ascites can lead to discomfort and other health issues if not properly managed.

Causes:
The primary cause of ascites is liver cirrhosis, which impairs blood flow and increases pressure in the portal vein, leading to fluid leakage. Other causes include heart failure, malignancies (such as ovarian or liver cancer), infections like tuberculosis, and pancreatitis. Conditions that affect the body’s ability to produce or regulate proteins, such as nephrotic syndrome, can also contribute to fluid buildup.

Symptoms:
Common symptoms of ascites include abdominal swelling and distension, discomfort, weight gain, and shortness of breath due to pressure on the diaphragm. Other signs may include abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and difficulty in movement.

Treatment:
Treatment for ascites focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms. Dietary changes, such as a low-sodium diet, are often recommended. Diuretics may be prescribed to help eliminate excess fluid. In severe cases, a procedure called paracentesis may be performed to drain the fluid for relief.

Precautions:
Patients with ascites should closely monitor their fluid intake and report any sudden changes in weight or symptoms to their healthcare provider. Regular follow-ups are essential for managing underlying conditions.

Prevention:
Preventive measures include avoiding alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, managing underlying liver disease, and getting regular medical check-ups. Vaccinations for hepatitis can also help prevent liver-related complications leading to ascites.

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