Overview:
Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) encompasses a range of progressive liver disorders that lead to long-term liver damage and dysfunction. Conditions such as hepatitis B and C, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cirrhosis are common causes of CLD. It can result in liver failure and significantly impact overall health.
Causes:
The primary causes of CLD include chronic viral infections (hepatitis B and C), excessive alcohol consumption, obesity leading to NAFLD, and autoimmune liver diseases. Genetic conditions such as hemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease, along with long-term exposure to toxins or certain medications, can also contribute to liver damage.
Symptoms:
Symptoms of CLD may be subtle in the early stages but can progress to include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain and swelling, itching, dark urine, and pale stools. As the disease advances, complications such as ascites, varices, and hepatic encephalopathy may develop.
Treatment:
Management of CLD focuses on addressing the underlying cause and preventing further liver damage. This may involve antiviral medications for viral hepatitis, lifestyle changes such as alcohol cessation and weight loss, and medications to manage symptoms. In advanced cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.
Precautions:
Patients with CLD should avoid alcohol, maintain a healthy diet, and monitor their health closely with regular medical check-ups. Vaccination against hepatitis A and B is recommended to prevent additional liver complications.
Prevention:
Preventive measures include maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding toxic substances, and managing underlying health conditions such as diabetes and high cholesterol. Regular screening for liver disease is crucial, especially for those at risk.
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